In this section, after we have a quick understanding of the types of health facilities, we will talk about which standards and regulations we should comply with at home and abroad. Next, we will focus on capacity planning.
Health structures is an area that requires full expertise and you have to manage highly complex information, from regulation to types. There can be serious differences between building a hospital in the country and building a hospital in a foreign country in terms of the standards and design criteria to be followed.
For this reason, many countries that do not have adequate laws and regulations and local standards turn to foreign sources, especially American standards. Let's examine the types of health structures according to different parameters;
- Classification of Health Structures
We classify health facilities in 3 stages according to the number of beds.a. Small Hospitals (up to 100 beds)
b. Medium-Sized Hospitals (range of 100 -300 beds)
c. Large Hospitals (with more than 300 beds)
Health buildings are grouped under 2 main headings according to their ownership types.
a. Public Hospitals (Ministry of Health, Universities, Ministry of National Defense, Municipalities)
b. Private Hospitals (Private Persons and Organizations, Associations and Foundations, Foreigners, Minorities)
Health structures are divided into 5 groups according to their functions.
a. District and Town Hospitals: Integrating 112 services, emergency, birth, outpatient and inpatient medical intervention, examination and treatment services, and preventive health services, integrating physicians accepting and treating patients, and in cases requiring further examination and treatment, patients are stabilized and treated appropriately. are the health institutions where the referral is provided.
b. Day Hospitals: These are health institutions established within a hospital or in coordination with a hospital, providing 24-hour health service with a minimum of 5 observation beds, providing outpatient examination, diagnosis, treatment and medical care services in more than one branch.
c. General Hospitals: These are health institutions with at least 50 beds, where patients related to the current specialties are accepted and outpatient and inpatient examinations and treatments are carried out, regardless of age and gender, for all kinds of emergencies.
D. Private Branch Hospitals: These are health institutions where the observation, examination, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients of a certain age and gender group or those suffering from a certain disease, or patients of an organ or organ group are made.
e.Training-Research Hospitals: These are general and private branch health institutions where specialists and sub-branches are trained, trained and researched.
Neighborhood outpatient clinics can be established under hospitals in order to provide easy access to outpatient services in inpatient treatment institutions and to prevent overcrowding in hospital outpatient clinics. Opening of district polyclinics, the way the service is provided, the working methods of the polyclinic and emergency services
and principles and procedures and principles regarding the duties, powers and responsibilities of the personnel assigned here shall be determined by a Directive to be issued by the Ministry of Health.
According to the sources of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey, Types of Health Facilities are divided into 3 steps and are as follows.
Primary health care facilities
Primary health care facilities are health facilities defined in the relevant legislation, where outpatient diagnosis and treatment of patients are made.
Primary health care facilities include:
a) District health directorate with a primary health care facility.
b) Community health center (TSM).
c) Family health center (ASM).
ç) Integrated district state hospital (E2 and E3).
d) Public health laboratory (L1 and L2).
e) Institutional physician.
f) Polyclinic.
g) Medico-social units.
ğ) Health organizations within the Turkish Armed Forces.
**Operation permits of primary health care facilities;
a) Child, adolescent, women’s and reproductive health (CECUS) unit,
b) Infection control unit,
c) Integrated health service unit,
ç) Home health service unit,
d) Cancer early detection, screening and education center (KETEM),
e) Malaria combat dispensary (SSD),
f) Tuberculosis dispensary (VSD),
g) Wellness center (SHM),
ğ) Immigrant health center,
h) Occupational health and safety unit (OHS),
i) Authorized family medicine unit,
i) Health house,
j) Similar units to be opened within the scope of the relevant legislation are added as subordinate units.
Secondary health facilities
Secondary health facilities are health facilities where outpatient and/or inpatient diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation services are provided as defined in the relevant legislation.
Secondary health facilities include:
a) General hospital.
b) Branch hospital.
c) Integrated district hospital (E1).
ç) Oral and dental health hospital (ADSH).
d) Oral and dental health center (ADSM).
e) Medical center.
**Operation permits of secondary health care facilities;
a) Community mental health center (TRSM),
b) Traditional and complementary medicine practice unit (GETAT),
c) Obesity center,
ç) Assisted Reproductive Treatment Center (ART),
d) Dialysis center,
e) Genetic diseases diagnosis center,
f) Child follow-up center (ÇİM),
g) Alcohol and substance addiction treatment and training center (AMATEM),
ğ) Child and adolescent substance abuse treatment center (ÇEMATEM),
h) Pregnant school,
ı) Neighborhood polyclinics that provide services at different addresses,
i) Additional service buildings,
j) Similar units to be opened within the scope of the relevant legislation are added as subordinate units.
Tertiary healthcare facilities
Tertiary health care facilities are health facilities with high technology and/or infrastructure where training and research services can be provided for diseases that require advanced examination and special treatment, defined in the relevant legislation.
Tertiary healthcare facilities include:
a) 3A group tertiary hospitals (advanced hospitals).
b) 3B group tertiary hospitals.
c) Training and research hospital.
ç) Branch training and research hospital.
d) Oral and dental health education and research hospital.
e) University hospital.
f) University branch hospital.
g) University oral and dental health hospital.
ğ) University institute hospital.
h) University oral and dental health center.
** Operational licenses of tertiary healthcare facilities;
a) Community mental health center (TRSM),
b) Traditional and complementary medicine practice center (GETAT),
c) Obesity center,
ç) Assisted Reproductive Treatment Center (ART),
d) Dialysis center,
e) Genetic diseases diagnosis center,
f) Child follow-up center (ÇİM),
g) Alcohol and substance addiction treatment and training center (AMATEM),
ğ) Child and adolescent substance abuse treatment center (ÇEMATEM),
h) Pregnant school,
ı) Neighborhood polyclinics that provide services at different addresses,
i) Additional service buildings,
j) Similar units to be opened within the scope of the relevant legislation are added as subordinate units.
2.Hospital Feasibility Study
A Hospital Feasibility Study is the best way to find sources of patient flow to the Hospital. The Feasibility Study includes both Market and Financial Analysis of the Project and is an important consideration when establishing a new facility or expanding an existing hospital in a new hospital or an existing hospital.
Purpose of conducting a Market Feasibility Study for a Healthcare Facility
- Suitability of the type of hospital
- Evaluation of the suitability of the proposed facility location
- Determining the right health services to be provided by the hospital in the relevant district
- It is the investigation of critical gaps in Private Health Services in the region and it is very important for a successful business and a decrease in the revision rate in the following stages.